دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی دیدگاه خط مشی عمومی در گروه پویای تصمیم گیری در خط مشی خارجی - وایلی 2018

Research on decision making in foreign policy and national security has had little interaction with the field of public policy. This review connects the two fields. We utilize a key public policy concept, the policy cycle, to provide a framework for our review of group decision-making dynamics in national security and foreign policy. We describe key stages of the policy cycle followed by a review of the leading models of group decision-making dynamics. We then construct a bridge between the two, demonstrating how specific stages of the policy cycle are typically associated with specific group decision-making dynamics. To illustrate this link we provide an example of decision-making dynamics within the Obama administration throughout policy stages of the 2016 campaign against the Islamic State in Raqqa, Syria.

Conclusion

In the Raqqa offensive example, we illustrated group decision-making dynamics in the context of policy cycle stages. We demonstrated how dominant group dynamics in this particular foreign policy decision-making process shifted throughout stages of the policy cycle. The more successful group dynamic of con-div was dominant during policy formulation. However this quickly shifted to the suboptimal group dynamic of groupthink at the decision-making stage. Finally, the polythink dynamic dominated the stage of implementation when tactical questions required action. A single illustration has little empirical, external validity, but the example should encourage scholars to connect the fields of public policy and foreign policy decision making and continue to test the assertions presented in this article.