دانلود رایگان مقاله ژنوم میتوکندری کامل سنجاقک Orthetrum و فیلوژنی مولکولی سنجاقکسانان

Abstract

Dragonflies of the genus Orthetrum are members of the anisopteran family Libellulidae. To date, there are no reports on the phylogeny of Orthetrum dragonflies based on the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome). There is only a single entry of a nearly complete mitogenome for O. melania. We report here the complete mitogenome of O. chrysis, O. glaucum, O. sabina and O. testaceum and their phylogenetic relationships with other taxa of Libellulidae as well as Epiophlebiidae, Anisoptera and Zygoptera. The whole mitogenomes of these four species possessed 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes e PCGs, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding region. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes). The Libellulidae (Anisoptera) was monophyletic with two lineages: (Orthetrum) þ (Brachythemis þ Hydrobasileus). It formed a sister group with Corduliidae. The Zygoptera was monophyletic with three lineages: (Calopterygidae) þ (Euphaeidae þ Pseudolestidae) þ (Coenagrinidae þ Platycnemididae). The enigmatic Epiophlebia superstes (Epiophlebiidae) forms a sister group with Zygoptera. The complete mitogenome is useful for determining the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of Odonata.

4. Discussion

Mitogenomes of insects have been extensively studied, particularly regarding phylogeny and evolution (Bernt et al., 2013; Cameron, 2013). The complete nucleotide sequences (PCG and PCGþRNA) of mitogenome could be used to resolve higherlevel phylogeny of Paraneopteran insects (Li et al., 2015). To date, eleven complete and two incomplete mitogenomes are available for Odonata in the GenBank comprising eleven genera in eight families (Fig. 2). The present study has added the complete mitogenome of four species of the genus Orthetrum to the list. The mitogenome size of O. glaucum (15,184 bp), O. sabina (15,176 bp) and O. testaceum (15,162 bp) is larger than that of O. chrysis (15,088 bp) and those of two other Libellulid taxa (B. contaminata with 15,056 bp and H. croceus with 15,088 bp). Among the other Anisoptera taxa available in GenBank, D. lunatus (Gomphidae) has the largest mitogenome size of 15,913 bp. Only one odonate species has a mitogenome size of over 16,000 bp, viz. V. melania (Zygoptera) with 16,685 bp.