دانلود رایگان مقاله ارزیابی سیستم های حفاظت آتش سوزی در پیشگاه تئاتر

abstract

Stage fire protection measures, details differing from one region to another, have been established, codified and enforced throughout the world and have changed little over the past 100 years. Technological advancements in both stagecraft and fire protection systems have led to a need in the theater community to study the current state of theater fire protection requirements. The objective of the study was to assess the level of protection afforded by stage active fire protection measures, as prescribed by the International Building Code (IBC) (2009), NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives (2007) and as implemented in current design practice, in the event of a fire in the stagehouse of a proscenium theater. The study presented herein assesses the effectiveness of each of the fire protection systems required by building codes for proscenium type theaters. The egress study is not part of this study and thus not specifically carried out. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been utilized to examine fire conditions and to assess the effectiveness of the fire protection systems provided within a stage. The input data including representative theater dimensions, fuel loads, and fire scenarios have been determined by a survey of theater design professionals.

The results

The key results of Part II are provided below. It is noted that the following results are based on the scenarios and inputs considered herein. The visibility contours from the vent failure model and the sprinkler failure model are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. This show the operation of the roof vents is most critical in providing a safe environment in the auditorium for egress of the theater occupants/patrons. Fig. 4 shows that a fire safety curtain alone is inadequate to stop smoke from spreading to the auditorium completely, although the fire curtain restricts air movement reducing the rate of smoke spread to the auditorium. The fire safety curtain and roof vents are fire and life safety systems that are intended to work in tandem. Alternate strategies that employ only ventilation or stage exhaust in lieu of a fire safety curtain require a thorough analysis to be completed to establish acceptable fuel loads and fire sizes. Such an approach would also likely call for a detailed fuel management program that might in turn reduce the flexibility in theatrical use of the space. As scenic elements/arrangements are changed, such spaces should require special analysis for each production as to whether the modified arrangement would produce smoke/fire exceeding the capacity of a smoke control system provided.