دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فتوسنتز و نفوذ شوری: منحصر بفرد بودن متقابل هر دو؟ - اشپرینگر 2018

Abstract

Photosynthesis has walked into the path of evolution for over millions of years. Organisms relying directly on photosynthesis, when subjected to adverse environments for a long duration, experience retardation in their growth and development. Salinity stress is perceived as one of the major threats to agriculture as it can cause an irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus at any developmental stage of the plant. However, halophytes, a special category of plants, carry out all life processes, including photosynthesis, without showing any compromise even under high saline environments. The fascinating mechanism for Na+ exclusion from cytosol besides retaining photosynthetic efficiency in halophytes can provide a valuable genetic resource for improving salt stress tolerance in glycophytes. Understanding how plants stabilize their photosynthetic machinery and maintain the carbon balance under saline conditions can be extremely useful in designing crops for saline and dry lands.

Conclusion:

Photosynthesis directly contributes to the development and yield of plants. Any stress condition that hinders the photosynthesis activity in plants also results in adverse effects on its metabolism. Salinity directly inhibits photosynthesis by inhibiting stomatal opening, hindering CO2 assimilation, obstructing electron transport chain, altering the expression of stress-related genes, etc. Therefore, to engineer salt-tolerant plants with reduced yield penalty, it is important to unravel key pathways regulating salt-response network. Combining together different ‘OMICS’ approaches could lead to the identification of probable routes for protection of the machinery associated with photosynthesis under salinity stress. Similarly, exploring halophytes at different ontogenic stages may assist in decoding the mechanism responsible for their ability to withstand photooxidative damage, water-use efficiency, and specialized adaptations to protect photosynthetic apparatus under saline conditions. In addition, halophytes can act as models to understand conservative growth strategies under high salinity and can act as genetic resources contributing towards the goal of improving salt tolerance in crops.