دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اپیدمیولوژی ژنتیک دیابت نوع 2 در مستیزوهای مکزیکی - هینداوی 2017

There are currently about 415 million people with diabetes worldwide, a figure likely to increase to 642 million by 2040. In 2015, Mexico was the second Latin American country and sixth in the world in prevalence of this disorder with nearly 11.5 million of patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the main kind of diabetes and its etiology is complex with environmental and genetic factors involved. Indeed, polymorphisms in several genes have been associated with this disease worldwide. To estimate the genetic epidemiology of T2D in Mexican mestizos a systematic bibliographic search of published articles through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted. Just case-control studies of candidate genes about T2D in Mexican mestizo inhabitants were included. Nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were found. In total, 68 polymorphisms of 41 genes were assessed; 26 of them were associated with T2D risk, which were located inABCA1, ADRB3, CAPN10, CDC123/CAMK1D, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B, CRP, ELMO1, FTO, HHEX, IGF2BP2, IRS1, JAZF1, KCNQ1, LOC387761, LTA, NXPH1, SIRT1, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, and TNF-? genes. Overall, 21 of the 41 analyzed genes were associated with T2D in Mexican mestizos. Such a genetic heterogeneity compares with findings in other ethnic groups.

4. Discussion

This review about genetics of T2D in Mexican mestizo subjects shows that 26 polymorphisms distributed in 21 genes are associated with this disease, so T2D has a high heterogeneity in our population, the same as that in other ethnic groups. Therefore, in some individuals alleles of certain genes are involved, while in others subjects are implicated variants of different genes. A previous conclusion that T2D in Mexican mestizos is genetically homogeneous was based on an analysis of three genetic markers [26] and here appears untenable. Though the Mexican mestizo population has a European genetic ancestry near 30% [27], not all the alleles conferring diabetes risk in Europeans are associated with T2D in our population [8]. These variations could be related to genetic background, differences in clinical classifications, sample size, selection and analysis criteria, and environmental factors such as obesity, lifestyle, and diet. On the other hand, researches in several ethnic groups have shown association of T2D with genes not yet analyzed in Mexican population [5, 6, 28–32]. It would be important to carry out the analysis of such genes to determine whether these variants are also associated with T2D in Mexican patients and increase the knowledge about the genetic epidemiology of this disorder in our country.