دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی خط مشی گذاری تطبیقی پویا برای شهر پایدار: مورد تاکسی های اتوماتیک - الزویر 2017

abstract

By 2050, about two-thirds of the world’s people are expected to live in urban areas. But, the economic viability and sustainability of city centers is threatened by problems related to transport, such as pollution, congestion, and parking. Much has been written about automated vehicles and demand responsive transport. The combination of these potentially disruptive developments could reduce these problems. However, implementation is held back by uncertainties, including public acceptance, liability, and privacy. So, their potential to reduce urban transport problems may not be fully realized. We propose an adaptive approach to implementation that takes some actions right away and creates a framework for future actions that allows for adaptations over time as knowledge about performance and acceptance of the new system (called ‘automated taxis’) accumulates and critical events for implementation take place. The adaptive approach is illustrated in the context of a hypothetical large city.

Conclusion

This paper has illustrated a way to handle the deep uncertainties surrounding the implementation of an innovative urban transport solution from the perspective of public policymaking. The combination of automated vehicles and technologyenabled taxi operations (i.e., Automated Taxis (ATs)) has great potential to contribute to urban transport policy goals. On the other hand, public policy and decision making is confronted with the existence of large uncertainties related to the implementation of these ATs, which pose barriers to implementation. The challenge for enlightened policymaking is to develop innovative approaches for handling these uncertainties.

The paper has proposed an approach involving a flexible or adaptive policy that allows for adaptations over time as experience and knowledge about the real-world functioning of ATs proceeds. In particular, policymakers are encouraged to first develop a normative view, and then guide the policy development, implementation, and adaptation process based on gathering information that allows for the resolution of the uncertainties over time. The adaptive policy approach was illustrated for a simplified, hypothetical case. We showed how policymakers can cope with uncertainties concerning AT by implementing an adaptive policy, and how such a policy can be adjusted as new information becomes available on its real-world performance. The illustration shows that, compared to traditional policymaking, the adaptive approach is highly promising in terms of handling the range of uncertainties related to AT implementation.