دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پرسشنامه موفقیت کارآفرینی - گزارش در مورد مرحله اولیه ایجاد روش - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Entrepreneurship is the driving force of the economy; however, only successful business activity offers a wide range of benefits. Researchers and entrepreneurs have a diversified understanding of entrepreneurial success given that its measurement, while frequently desirable in practice, is difficult. Unfortunately, neither the literature nor the practice offers an appropriate instrument to diagnose entrepreneurial success in all of its complexity. This article constitutes an initial report on the development of a research tool, the Questionnaire of Entrepreneurial Success (QES), to diagnose entrepreneurial success. This study uses six research tools to examine 144 entrepreneurs operating in Poland whose companies were set up between 1983 and 2013. A preliminary analysis of the psychometric parameters demonstrates that the experimental version of the QES exhibits high reliability, whereas analyses aimed at determining theoretical accuracy reveal the expected correlations with other indicators of entrepreneurial success.

5. Conclusion

Due to the limitation on word count, this article presents only part of the findings (excluding analyses of the AMI results) from the research on the psychometric parameters of a new tool for measuring entrepreneurial success. The intention was to design a method that encompassed both subjective and objective indicators of entrepreneurial success and that allowed for the quantitative measurement of this success. An initial analysis of the psychometric parameters reveals that the experimental version of the QES (without the items eliminated due to low discriminant power) is highly reliable. The determination of theoretical accuracy revealed the expected correlations with other indicators of entrepreneurial success, including EES, SES, and GSES, which provides a good basis for further exploration of the questionnaire and introduces a new study perspective that encompasses comparative research on the family conditioning of entrepreneurial success among groups of potential entrepreneurs, business people who enjoy a high level of success, and those who have failed. Another intriguing research area within the systemic-integrating approach is the comparative analysis of four groups of entrepreneurs identified by the QES, namely, those who 1) have been successful from the beginning (i.e., the commencement of their business); 2) were initially successful but whose situation later deteriorated; 3) experienced initial difficulty but prospered later; and 4) encountered difficulty in the beginning and continued, as of the time of the survey, to struggle.

It is important to develop a good, reliable, accurate, and useful measure of entrepreneurial success, especially considering that the literature lacks such a method and that the entrepreneurial theoretical framework is relatively weak with respect to entrepreneurial definitions and indicators. We suggest that the development of a high-quality psychometric scale is the first step to overcoming this obstacle. Moreover, we contend that a primary strength of this study and a reason why this study is so thought provoking is that we open a new pathway to discussion about entrepreneurial success in which subjective indicators and objective perspectives are investigated simultaneously.

However, we emphasize that this paper reports findings from an initial stage of a psychometric analysis of QES and that further studies are required to develop this scale. Accordingly, other study samples (e.g., young/old entrepreneurs and various branches of entrepreneurs) should be examined to confirm the QES psychometric properties and their usefulness.