دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی مشکلات زیست محیطی و بهداشتی در پریموری - نشریه الزویر

Abstract

Using a systemic approach, this study highlights the problems of public health in the Primorsky Territory and demonstrates that the spread of ecology-related diseases depends on climatic, sanitary, and social factors. The indicators of health assessment that were selected include demographics, cancer and disease, and lung and urinary system diseases. Additionally, specific habitat parameters affecting the spread of ecology-related diseases were established. Ecological and hygiene evaluation of the system “environment–health–man” revealed that among the environmental factors, the greatest public health concerns in the Far East are climate, geochemical and biological features of the territories, consequences of human impact on the environment, nutrition, and housing. These results indicate that further studies of the specifics of particular territories are necessary to explain the emergence and development of diseases, to predict the level of public health, and to develop targeted health prevention programmes to level the influence of environmental factors on human rights.

The Spread of Oncology-Related Diseases Depending on Environmental Stress

The second half of the 20th century was characterised by rapid growth of malignant tumours in worldwide population. This is associated with a qualitative change in the environment (Remennik and Starinskiy, 2000; Trapeznikov and Axel, 2000; Zaridze, 2000; Howe, 2006; Kiku et al., 2012). Among the risk factors of malignancy development are adverse lifestyle factors (45.00%), environment pollution (19.00%), and genetic risk (26.00%) (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Cancirogenic Risk to Humans, 2002; Chissov et al., 2007). According to several authors, greater than 80–90% of malignant tumours result from external factors (Smulevich, 2003; Roe, 2004). The uneven spread of cancer diseases in different regions and the change in incidence of migration conclusively establish the link between cancer and ecological features of human existence (Stern, 2003; Russo and Franceschi, 2006; Schraub, 2009). Onco-epidemiological studies identified the role of environmental factors on tumorigenesis. According to the WHO Committee on cancer prevention, up to 90.00% of tumours are associated with environmental factors, and the remaining 10% are caused by viral, genetic and other endogenous factors (Higginson, 2005). The results of onco-epidemiology studies indicate that the carcinogenic environmental factors and lifestyle cause 90–95% of malignant tumours (Zaridze, 2000; Longnecker, 2005; Kelsey and Bernstein, 2006)