دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر هنر درمانی در کاهش درد: پیشنهادی برای بیماران در طول درمان حاد در بیمارستان - الزویر 2018

abstract

Art therapists can engage medical inpatients in the creation of art to encourage emotional and physical healing. Utilizing a chart review, the impact of art therapy sessions at the bedside with patients (N = 195) in a large urban teaching hospital was reviewed. The sample was predominantly female (n = 166) as more women than men agreed to participate in an art therapy session. As a routine part of regular clinical practice patients were asked to rate their perception of mood, anxiety, and pain using a 5-pointfaces scale before and after an art therapy session conducted by a registered art therapist. Multiple diagnoses were included in this chart review, making this study more representative of the variety of medical issues leading to hospitalization. Analysis of pre and post results demonstrated significant improvements in pain, mood, and anxiety levels of arttherapy sessions for all patients regardless of gender, age, or diagnosis (all p < 0.001).

Discussion

The results support the hypothesis that mood would be improved, and anxiety and pain reduced after participation in an art therapy session at bedside (See Table 1). Choice of media, age, sex, or diagnosis did not affect results at a significant level, and race was not included in demographic data. This suggests that art therapy can impact mood, anxiety, and pain regardless of other factors. Previous studies have shown improvements in pain, anxiety, and mood with art therapy, although not within an inpatient environment, and not grouped together (Geue, Richter, Buttstädt, Brähler, & Singer, 2013; Nainis, 2008). To our knowledge however, this is the first study to examine the three factors together in an inpatient, acute-care setting. Previous studies have also tended to focus on individual diagnostic groups often in outpatient settings such cancer (Nainis, 2008) or HIV (Feldman et al., 2014). Multiple diagnoses were included in our analysis, making this study more representative of the variety of medical issues leading to hospitalization.

The large size of our patient sample allowed subgroup analyses, and the identification of factors associated with change in scores using multivariate analysis. Patients with gastrointestinal conditions tended to rate pain higher in the pre-test, but also reported larger decreases in pain post art therapy session. Additionally, patients with epilepsy appeared to have a greater improvement in anxiety scores as compare to the other groups. Older patients appeared to have benefitted the most in terms of both reduction in anxiety and improvement of mood. Gender and type of media used did not seem to have an impact on any of the outcomes, with both male and female patients rating improvements in mood, anxiety, and pain. Patients were seen at various times of day, and were located on both older units with shared rooms, and newer units with larger, single patient rooms. Again these differences did not appear to affect the efficacy of the art therapy session, as overall mood, anxiety, and pain levels were significantly improved in all cohorts.