دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فتوولتائیک پلیمرهای شفاف برای برداشت انرژی خورشیدی و فراتر از آن - الزویر 2018

Polymer photovoltaics have become a promising alternative energy due to lightweight properties, environmental friendliness, and solution processability. Transparent organic photovoltaics in particular have been recently receiving more attention in the photovoltaics field due to their unique potential in future applications beyond mere harvesting of solar energy. This perspective is further enhanced by the recent developments of highperformance polymer photovoltaics (including infrared absorbing materials and devices) that could achieve superior visible transparency and power conversion efficiency. To realize high-performance transparent organic photovoltaics, the main strategy is to shift the active-layer absorption spectrum to the infrared region by designing new low-bandgap donors and non-fullerene acceptors, and to reduce the invalid absorption by developing new transparent electrode materials. The potential applications are diverse, especially for spectrum-sensitive ones such as the greenhouse in agriculture. Finally, some key research areas of transparent organic photovoltaics that may deserve further attention are discussed.

Summary and Outlook

Polymer PV are drawing more attention in the PV field because of the development of numerous novel materials and their consequent versatile applications. To make a successful transparent device, high efficiency, high transparency, and precision of color are all equally important. Research groups focus on three directions: photoactive material design, electrode design, and novel applications. Regarding the first aspect, the target is to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and maintain visible transparency, which can be done by shifting the material absorption spectrum to the IR region. The design of p-type D-A copolymers, which enables a separate control of LUMO and HOMO levels, has been found to successfully strengthen the absorbance and EQE in the IR region. The new n-type non-fullerene acceptors are also suitable for these emerging p-type materials and demonstrate good performance in the IR region. With regard to the second aspect, the goal of research on transparent electrode materials is to reduce the absorbance of the whole spectrum and maintain conductivity. PEDOT:PSS, thin silver, AgNW, 1D photonic crystal, and other carbon-based transporting layers have proved to be good candidates for transparent electrodes. Among these materials, the composite mirror layers, such as photonic crystal structures, are more favorable in TOPV because of their tunable reflection spectra that can control both the transmittance and color rendering. Regarding the third aspect, new and unique ideas concerning the further use of TOPV are being introduced. Studies on applications of TOPV are diverse, especially for spectrum-sensitive ones such as the BIPV in agriculture. Given the multifarious demand for light for organ growth and photosynthesis, TOPV are able to provide such an environment for developing the plants while generating additional power.