دانلود رایگان مقاله سنتز پروپارگیل آمین کاتالیست نانوذرات مس در چارچوب کربن نانو متخلخل فلز آلی

1. Introduction

The challenge for green and sustainable development demands more efficient chemical transformation with no or less waste emission [1], so green chemistry based on the conception of atom economy has received considerable attention over the last few years. In this connection, lots of multicomponent reactions have been designed for the synthesis of various complex molecules, and these reactions have the fundamental advantages of minimizing chemical waste generation, lowering costs, increasing atom-economy, saving energy and time, and avoiding expensive purification processes [2–4]. The A3 coupling (the aldehyde-alkyne-amine reaction) is a typical example, where propargylamines are produced as the products [5,6]. Recently, propargylamines have gained considerable attention owing to their widely applications in drug discovery for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing biologically active compounds, such as oxazoles, β-lactam, pyrrolidines [7–9]. Many methods including activation C\\H bond of terminal alkynes using a wide range of metal-based (e.g. Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, etc.) catalysts have been developed for the synthesis of propargylamines over the last few years [10–12]. Unfortunately, in those systems, the homogenous catalysts are difficult to separate from the reaction products, which make the method not economical and environmentally attractive. In general, heterogeneous catalysts are preferred due to easier recycling, which is crucial for cost effective industrial processes. Various types of heterogeneous catalysts (e.g. Au, Ag, Cu, etc.) have been developed in recent years for the synthesis of propargylamines [2,13–17]. Among the different metals, copper is considered as the most prominent and promising one for its versatility, low cost, and low toxicity [18]. Wang and co-workers have prepared an Nheterocyclic carbon silica supported complex with CuI for the synthesis of propargylamines [19]. Naeimi and co-workers have used MCM-41 silica to immobilize Cu metal for the synthesis of propargylamines [20]. Yang and co-workers prepared a new class heterogeneous IRMOF-3- Gl-Cu catalyst by the covalent post-synthesis methodology and used to catalyze synthesis of propargylamines [21]. However, most of the supported catalysts involve some disadvantages such as tedious preparation of the catalyst, uneven distribution of the active sites, lower catalytic activity and so on. Therefore, exploring highly active and earth abundant non-noble metal-based heterogene

4. Conclusion

In summary, we fabricated nanoporous carbon from a low-cost, facile and high porous MOF −5, and it was served as the carrier material for copper nanoparticles. The obtained Cu@MOF-5-C showed excellent catalytic activity for the three-component coupling reaction, which can be ascribed to high surface area, hierarchical pores of MOF-5-C, and the synergetic interaction between the metal nanoparticles and support. The present research might highlight the development of high catalytic activity heterogeneous catalysts by using MOF-derived porous carbon as hosts for ultrafine metal nanoparticles.