دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ارزیابی ایمنی در سیستم کار حفاری نفت بر اساس مطالعه تجربی و فرایند شبکه تحلیلی - الزویر 2018

ABSTRACT

Safety assessment is an essential work to guarantee the safety of oil drilling. There are relations and dependencies between human factors in oil drilling work system. Therefore, the safety of oil drilling work system should be analyzed in a comprehensive way. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is applied to establish rational and applicable index system for investigating human errors. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is used to obtain the priorities of human factors considering the interdependences, however, the deficiency of ANP is that the obtained results are subject to experts’ cognitive limitations and psychological biases. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to form the ANP model auxiliary, which may be expected to overcome subjective opinions from experts and provide a more pertinent and practical safety strategies. A survey is conducted to explore the importance of human factors through questionnaires of which 283 pieces made up the original data. Afterwards, the human factors’ weights are calculated by the ANP method. As a comparison, a frequency-based method is also used to obtain the frequencies of factors and observations causing accidents using accident reports. The causal chain and the priorities of the importance of human factors are explored by this hybrid method; the results are consistent with the experience and knowledge of safety management. We discuss the interdependencies between the human factors and the priorities in general, whilst, the specific safety requirements and recommendations in the hoisting and lifting system are also provided as an example.

4. Conclusion

We provided an understanding, based upon empirical study, of how actions and decisions at the higher organizational and managerial levels in oil and gas industry result in errors and violations. The results showed causal paths that relate errors and violations at operation level with inadequacies at both the immediately adjacent and higher levels. This study drew a clear picture that supports Reason’s (1990) model of active failures resulting from latent conditions in the organization. After the comparison with the frequency-based method, the results showed that the SEM-ANP method can reduce the biases of experts and provide more reasonable and comprehensive assessment. Observations by the frequency-based method from accident reports were also analyzed, and the specific and feasible recommendations are given.

The results showed that “organizational process”, “inadequate supervisions”, “supervision violations”, “personal readiness”, “errors” and “violations” are the factors which have more important influences on safety work. And investments in “organizational process”, “inadequate supervisions” and “supervision violations” can be more efficient. Especially, the improvement of “organizational process” can reduce the “inadequate supervisions” and “supervision violations”. The managements in “inadequate supervisions” and “supervision violations” can improve the situations of “personal readiness”, “technological environment” and “crew resource management”, and therefore can reduce the occasions of “errors” and “violations”. Interventions at “unsafe acts of operators” level and “preconditions for unsafe acts” level would only have limited effects on improving the overall safety. After all, improving the factors in the lower levels depends on the factors in the higher levels. As the root, factors in the higher levels, such as “organizational process” and “inadequate supervisions”, play an important role. Therefore, organizational can strengthen the governance of factors in the higher levels based on holistic considerations.