دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اهداف استان آیچی: هدایت به سمت انقراض صفر برای محافظت از منابع طبیعی - اشپرینگر 2017

Abstract

Effective protection of the *19 000 IUCNlisted threatened species has never been more pressing. Ensuring the survival of the most vulnerable and irreplaceable taxa and places, such as those identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) species and their associated sites (AZEs&s), is an excellent opportunity to achieve the Aichi 2020 Targets T11 (protected areas) and T12 (preventing species extinctions). AZE taxa have small, single-site populations that are especially vulnerable to human-induced extinctions, particularly for the many amphibians. We show that AZEs&s can be protected feasibly and cost-effectively, but action is urgent. We argue that the Alliance, whose initial main aim was to identify AZEs&s, must be followed up by a second-generation initiative that directs and co-ordinates AZE conservation activities on the ground. The prominent role of zoos, conservation NGOs, and governmental institutions provides a combination of all-encompassing knowhow that can, if properly steered, maximize the long-term survival of AZEs&s.

OUTLOOK

The target of reducing extinction risk, T12, is, by definition, immediately supported by the conservation of AZE species. For the target on PAs, T11, AZE sites’ contributions are differentiated according the sub-targets. AZE will contribute little to T11a’s 17% area size target and it is difficult to assess, due to data deficiency and lack of detailed analysis, how important AZE sites are for ecological representativeness, T11d, and the connection and integration into the wider landscape, T11f. On the other hand, they will contribute significantly to the other subtargets. The contribution to sub-target T11c is immediate as it addresses sites of particular importance to biodiversity, to which the AZE species belong to as many of them also represent EDGE species, and it safeguards ecosystem services provided within and outside the sites. Due to their small size and the suitability for management as public, communal or private PAs, managed AZE sites will help to proceed towards achieving the sub-target on the effective and equitable management, T11e. The greatest impact of site protection is as a vehicle for T11. Additionally, the AZE approach also indirectly supports several other targets such as T1 (Awareness of biodiversity increased) and T20 (Mobilizing resources).