دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی روغن نباتی اپوکسی شده و مواد زیستی به عنوان پلی استر ساز PVC - وایلی 2018

ABSTRACT:

Phthalate esters received a considerable attention owing to its various applications and the harmful health effects resulting from phthalate exposure; thus, finding an alternative to phthalate derivatives became a necessity. Phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizer in polymer formulation; in particular for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulation. According to the researches in the last 18 years, epoxidized vegetable oils are one of the alternatives that are strongly encouraged to substitute phthalate esters since they were proven to be valid in various applications, eco-friendly and sustainable resource. However, most of the production practices for epoxidized vegetable oil are via conventional epoxidation that concentrates on a catalyst that is homogeneous and non-reusable. This type of catalyst, however, causes several problems later in the process. Therefore, the selective epoxidation of vegetable oils process requires new catalytic systems that are more aligned with the green chemistry principles. This article reviews the harmful health effects associated with the exposure to phthalate esters products, explains the usage of oleochemicals resources as a substitute to phthalate esters and describes different approaches for the epoxidation of vegetable oils. Finally, it draws attention to the usage of epoxy and bio-based compounds as plasticizers in PVC manufacturing.

CONCLUSIONS

This article aims to review bio-compatible and sustainable alternatives for commercial phthalate esters. Since commercial phthalate esters have serious health risks particularly on children and women, searching for healthy phthalate alternatives has become a necessity. One of the most distinguished methods in producing bio-compactible plasticizer is the epoxidation of vegetable oils and fatty acid. There are several processes for the epoxidation such as chemical and chemoenzymatic processes. Chemoenzymatic process is recommended to be used in epoxidation for two reasons: (1) low environment impact during processing and (2) safety of produced product. The challenge in using chemoenzymatic process is in scaling up the enzyme production process in order to produce enzymes economically. Moreover, the investigation of physical and mechanical properties for synthesized PVC using bio-compactible plasticizer are promising indicating equivalent properties to synthesized commercial phthalate PVC. All the above-mentioned studies and results in this article give great motivation for replacing petroleum based plasticizers with biocompactible plasticizers in PVC.