دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی حسابداری کربن در محصولات چوبی برداشت شده: ارزیابی با استفاده از تحلیل جریان مواد - وایلی 2017

Summary

Increasing the amount of carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWPs) is an internationally recognized measure to mitigate climate change. Several approaches and tiers of methods may be used to analyze the contribution of HWP in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and removals at a regional and national level. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides guidelines on three tiers of methods for estimating annual carbon stock changes in the carbon pool of HWPs. These tiers mostly differ by the availability of input data and the level of HWP aggregation. In this case study for the Czech Republic, we have applied the production approach and alternative tiers of accounting methods, which are described in the IPCC guidelines, including the default method (tier 2) and the most advanced method (tier 3). We used country-specific data and material flow analysis to trace the carbon flow over the entire forest-based sector, including only the domestic harvest and the primary and secondary wood products manufactured within the country. The results of this study show that the carbon stored in the HWP pool could be underestimated if simpler methods and default values nonspecific to the country are applied. At the national level, applying the tier 3 method resulted in a 15.8% higher annual carbon inflow in the pool of HWPs compared to the tier 2 IPCC default method. This means that the advanced method reveals an apparently higher carbon sink in HWPs. A documented increase of carbon storage might bring additional credits to repor ting countries, and, more impor tant, it could promote the use of long-life HWPs to mitigate climate change.

Conclusions

This case study identifies that carbon storage in the pool of HWPs could be underestimated, depending on the accounting method chosen. In the case of the Czech Republic, the results have shown that the annual carbon inflow into the pool is substantially higher when estimated by the tier 3 method as compared with the tier 2 method. It also means that the Czech Republic has a potential to account a higher carbon stock in HWP, and this may promote the production and use of long-life wood products. The higher carbon inflow into the pool calculated with the tier 3 method was mainly associated with industrial residue use for the production of primary wood products and country-specific carbon conversion factors. In the case of the Czech Republic, the estimated carbon stock is also higher when country-specific half-life values are applied. Nevertheless, the results indicated that, in the Czech Republic, there is a significant potential to increase the amount of accountable carbon in HWPs without increasing forest harvest levels. The main obstacle for a wider application of the tier 3 method is the scarcity of country-specific data on HWPs and the entire wood processing chain, specifically secondary production. In most of the countries, detailed data on HWPs required for adopting the tier 3 method do not exist. This gap could be filled by periodically conducted MFA in the forest-based sector as demonstrated in this study.