دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی برنامه ریزی برای تقویت سیستم توزیع برق تحت شرایط هوای طوفانی - الزویر 2018

Abstract

Natural disasters such as hurricanes damage power distribution systems by low probability- high impact events. Other infrastructures such as water networks will be disrupted due to their dependency on the power network. In this situation, a city or region experiences critical conditions. In this paper, a new resilience index based on social welfare concept is presented to decrease unserved loads, restore the distribution system rapidly and decrease the dependency of water network operation to power network failures. The new resilience index is optimized with effective strategies including: upgrading distribution poles, DG placement with different capacities and distribution system automation. The problem is formulated as a stochastic two-stage optimization. The firststage decisions are the number of each resilience improvement strategy limited to a predetermined budget. Genetic algorithm is applied to solve the first stage. The objective of the second stage is maximizing the social welfare which is solved by an innovative approach. Numerical simulations are performed on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and designed water network related to it. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Conclusion

In this paper, the two stage stochastic distribution system planning problem is solved for enhancing resilience by using a new index based on social welfare. The new resilience index is used in an attempt to maximize the accessibility of loads to power and water in a minimum time after natural disasters. The water network is modeled with EPANET that calculates the node’s water pressure in different operations of water pumps. The best strategies for increasing resilience were chosen with genetic algorithm according to the budget in the higher stage of the problem based on an index considering both resilience improvement and cost. In the lower stage of the problem, the restoration problem for each scenario is solved by maximizing social welfare until full restoration with a new proposed approach which is a modification of the method presented in [30]. The proposed approach can find the restoration plan with checking fewer switch states compared to [30]. The new proposed model for distribution system resilience planning is studied with two cases in this paper. In the first case, the mentioned problem is solved for category 1 and 4 hurricanes to find the best first four strategies to enhance resilience. Upgrading the tie line manual switches to remote controlled switches and hardening lines (1-2) and (2-3) are important strategies in each of the categories. Unlike category 1, in category 4, the dependency of water network on the power network is significant and the nodes including water pump equipped with DGs. The DG placement strategies has more impact in resilience improvement in category 4 of hurricane compared to category 1 of hurricane. In the other case, distribution system resilience planning was solved with determined hurricane categories considering the probability of occurrence.